The Yellow Wall Paper essays

The Yellow Wall Paper papers The Yellow-Wallpaper as a Social Criticism Traditionally, men have held the force in the public arena. Ladies have been treated as a below average of residents with neither the lawful rights nor the regard of their male partners. Culture has added to these sex jobs by molding to these sex jobs by molding ladies to acknowledge their subordinate status while urging youngsters to lead and control. Women's activist analysis battles that writing either bolsters societys male centric structure or gives social analysis so as to change this pecking order. The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, delineates one womens battle against the customary female job into which society endeavors to compel her and the cultural response to this demonstration. From the earliest starting point of this work, the lady is appeared to have gone frantic. We are given no knowledge into the past, and we don't have the foggiest idea why she has been headed to the edge of craziness. The beautiful...Englis h place that the lady finds in her psyches eye is the manner in which men have generally needed ladies to see their job in the public arena. As the lady says, It is very alone standing admirably once more from the road...It makes me consider English places...for there are fences and dividers and doors that lock, and heaps of isolated little houses for the nursery workers and individuals. There is a delectable nursery! I never observed such a nursery huge and obscure, loaded with box-circumscribed ways, and fixed with long grape-shrouded arbors with seats under them. This stunning English wide open picture that this lady paints to the peruser is a shallow view at the genuine similarity of her jail. The truth of things is that this dazzling spot is her little living space, and in it she is to work as each other great housewife should. The depiction of her cell, versus its truth, is an excellent case of the limitation ladies had back then. They were allowed to consider things to be the y needed, however th... <!

Principles of Hypothesis free essay sample

So far we have discussed evaluating a certainty interim alongside the likelihood (the certainty level) that the genuine populace measurement exists in this interim under continued testing. We presently look at the standards of factual induction to speculations testing. Before the finish of this part you ought to have the option to †¢ Understand what is speculation trying †¢ Examine issues identifying with the assurance of level of How is this Done? On the off chance that the contrast between our conjectured esteem and the example esteem is little, at that point all things considered, our guessed estimation of the mean is right. The bigger the distinction the littler the likelihood that the speculated esteem is right. Practically speaking anyway infrequently is the distinction between the example mean and the speculated populace esteem sufficiently bigger or little enough for us to have the option to acknowledge or dismiss the theory by all appearances. We can't acknowledge or dismiss a speculation about a parameter essentially on instinct; rather we have to utilize target models dependent on testing hypothesis to acknowledge or dismiss the theory. We will compose a custom paper test on Standards of Hypothesis or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Speculations testing is the way toward making surmisings about a populace dependent on an example. The key inquiry along these lines in speculations testing is: the manner by which likely is it that a populace, for example, one we have guessed to deliver an example, for example, the one we are taking a gander at. hugeness †¢ Apply trial of speculations to huge to the board Situations †¢ Use of SPSS bundle to complete theories test and translation of PC yield including p-values What is Hypothesis Testing? What is a Hypothesis? A speculation is the presumption that we make about the populace parameter. This can be any supposition about a populace parameter not really founded on factual information. For instance it can likewise be founded on the gut feel of a chief. Administrative theories depend on instinct; the commercial center chooses whether the manager’s instincts were in actuality right. Indeed supervisors propose and test speculations constantly. For instance: †¢ If a chief says ‘if we drop the cost of this vehicle model by Hypotheses Testing-The hypothesis Null Hypothesis In testing our speculations we should express the accepted or guessed estimation of the populace parameter before we start inspecting. The suspicion we wish to test is known as the Null Hypotheses and is represented by Ho. For instance on the off chance that we need to test the speculations that the populace mean is 500. We would compose it as: Ho:  µ=500 If we utilize the theorized estimation of a populace mean in a difficult we speak to it emblematically as:  µHo. The term invalid speculations has its inceptions in pharmaceutical testing where the invalid theories is that the medication has no impact, I. e. , there is no contrast between an example treated with the medication and untreated examples. Elective Hypothesis If our example results neglect to help the theories we should infer that something different must be valid. At whatever point we dismiss the invalid speculation the elective theory is the one we need to acknowledge. This represented by Ha . There are three potential elective theories for any Ho. , I. e. : Ha:  µ? 500(the elective theory isn't equivalent to 500) Ha:  µgt;500(the elective speculation is more prominent than 500) Ha:  µlt;500( the elective theory is under 500) Understanding Level of Significance The reason for testing a theory isn't to scrutinize the figured estimation of the example measurements however to have a judgment about the effect between the example measurement and the guessed populace parameter. In this way the following stage, in the wake of expressing our invalid and elective theories, is to choose what Rs15000 , we’ll increment deals by 25000 units’ is a theory. To test it as a general rule we need to hold up to the year's end to and check deals. †¢ An administrator evaluates that deals per region will develop on normal by 30% in the following quarter is additionally a suspicion or speculations. How might the administrator approach testing this suspicion? Assume he has 70 regions under him. †¢ One alternative for him is to review the aftereffects of each of the 70 regions and decide if the normal is development is more noteworthy than or under 30%. This is a tedious and costly system. †¢ Another path is to take an example of domains and review deals results for them. When we have our business development figure, almost certainly, it will contrast to some degree from our accepted rate. For instance we may get an example pace of 27%. The supervisor is then confronted with the issue of deciding if his presumption or conjectured pace of development of deals is right or the example pace of development is progressively agent. To test the legitimacy of our supposition about the populace we gather test information and decide the example estimation of the measurement. We at that point decide if the example information underpins our theories suspicion with respect to the normal deals development. 11. 556  © Copy Right: Rai University 113 basis do we use for concluding whether to acknowledge or dismiss the invalid theory. How would We use Sampling to Accept or Reject Hypothesis? The Process of Hypothesis Testing We presently take a gander at the procedure of speculation testing. A model will help explain the issues in question: Aluminum sheets must have a normal thickness of . 04inches or they are futile. A contractual worker takes an example of 100 sheets and decides mean example thickness as . 0408 inches. Based on past experience he realizes that the populace standard deviation for these sheets is . 04 inches. The issue the temporary worker faces is whether he ought to , based on test proof, acknowledge or dismiss a bunch of 10,000 aluminum sheets. Regarding speculations testing the issue is : †¢ If the genuine mean is . 04inches and the standard deviation. We utilize the outcome that there is a sure fixed likelihood related with interims from the mean characterized as far as number of standard deviations from the mean. In this manner our concern of testing a theory decreases to deciding the likelihood that an example measurement, for example, the one we have gotten could have emerged from a populace with a speculated mean m. In the speculation tests we need two numbers to settle on our choice whether to acknowledge or dismiss the invalid theory: †¢ a watched esteem or figured from the example †¢ a basic worth characterizing the limit between the acknowledgment and dismissal locale . Rather than estimating the factors in unique units we compute a normalized z variable for a standard typical dissemination with mean  µ=0. The z measurement reveals to us what number of what number of standard deviations above or beneath the mean normalized mean (z,lt;0, zgt;0) our perception falls. We can change over our watched information into the normalized scale utilizing the change .004 inches, what are the odds of getting an example imply that contrasts from the populace mean (. 04 inches) by . 0008inches or more? To locate this out we have to ascertain the likelihood that an irregular example with mean . 08 will be chosen from a populace with  µ =. 04 and a standard deviation. In the event that this likelihood is too low we should reason that the aluminum company’s articulation is bogus and the mean thickness of the transfer provided isn't . 04inches. When we have expressed out speculation we need to choose a measure to be utilized to acknowledge or dismiss Ho. The degree of essentialness speaks to the standard utilized by the chief to acknowledge or dismiss a speculation. For instance if the chief wishes to take into consideration a 5% level of essentialness. This implies we dismiss the invalid theory when the watched distinction between the example mean and populace mean is with the end goal that it or a bigger contrast would just happen 5 or less occasions in each 100 examples when the guessed estimation of the populace parameter is right. It subsequently demonstrates the reasonable degree of examining variety we are eager to permit while tolerating the invalid speculation. In measurable terms 5% is known as the degree of essentialness and is signified by a=. 05 We currently compose our information methodicallly. The z measurement quantifies the quantity of standard deviations from the speculated mean the example mean falsehoods. From the standard ordinary tables we can figure the likelihood of the example mean varying from the genuine populace mean by a predefined number of standard deviations. For instance: †¢ we can discover the likelihood that the example mean contrasts from the populace mean by at least two standard deviations. It is this likelihood esteem that will reveal to us how likely it is that a given example mean can be gotten from a populace with an estimated mean m. . †¢ If the likelihood is low for instance under 5% , maybe Our example information is as per the following: n=100, it tends to be sensibly inferred that the distinction between the example mean and theorized populace mean is excessively huge and the possibility that the populace would create such an arbitrary example is excessively low. What likelihood establishes too low or satisfactory level is a judgment for chiefs to make. Certain circumstances request that chiefs be secure with the qualities of the things being tried and even a 2% likelihood that the populace creates such an example is excessively high. In different circumstances there is more prominent scope and a chief might be wiling to acknowledge a theory with a 5% likelihood of chance variety. In every circumstance what should be resolved are the expenses coming about because of an inaccurate choice and the specific degree of hazard we are happy to accept. Our base standard for an adequate likelihood, state, 5%, is additionally the hazard we run of dismissing a speculation that is valid. To test any theory we have to compute the standard mistake of the mean from the populace

Find a Support Group Meeting Near You

Find a Support Group Meeting Near You Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print How Can I Find a Support Group Meeting Near Me? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 11, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 13, 2020 Daly and Newton / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Participating in a support group, along with other medical and professional alcohol and drug treatment programs, can have many potential benefits. A support group may help you recover by offering social support, helping you develop recovery coping skills, enhancing your motivation, reducing depressive symptoms, and increasing your psychological well-being. Who Should Join a Support Group? If you or a family member is dealing with an addiction or mental health disorder, a support group may be the ideal place to feel less isolated and to learn from others with similar problems and shared experiences. Often, youre not required to talk in a support groupâ€"you can share as little or as much as youd likeâ€"so youll be able to observe the group before deciding if its the right one for you. Its important for you to be comfortable with the group so you can eventually open up and get to know your peers. What Does It Take to Join a Support Group? For most support groups, all that is required to join is a desire to begin recovery. Most people join a support group by simply walking in the door of a meeting near them. No invitation is required and there are no dues or fees. For members, there is often a voluntary collection. That said, there are open meetings for members and non-members as well as  closed meetings for members and prospective members only. Depending on the type of meeting, you might come across some of the following codes that indicate a more exclusive support group or additional services offered: (ASL) American Sign Language(BS) Book study(CF) Child-friendly(D) Discussion(G) Gay/lesbian(M) Men only(P) Participation(SS) Step study(W) Women only(WA) Wheelchair access How to Find a Support Group Meeting Your primary care physician or mental health professional is often the best place to start when finding a local support group. You can also search for a local meeting via the websites of the various support groups. Some organizations also have apps you can use to find meetings. You can still find a meeting the old-school way by looking up a phone number in the white pages of the local telephone book.   Some databases are detailed and allow you to see which meetings are for newcomers or are  wheelchair accessible, non-smoking, or LGBT-friendly, among other characteristics. Other pages are less detailed and may only have phone numbers or listings for you to contact the meeting organizers. Here is a list of official mutual support group websites and their meeting listings.  If you cannot locate a face-to-face (in-person) meeting near you, there are many  online  meetings  available. Alcohol, Drug, Prescription Medication Abuse These include 12-step groups and those with other philosophies, as noted: Alcoholics Anonymous:  Search for the telephone numbers of AA Central Offices and Intergroups by zip code or state. The site does not give you locations of local meetings, but the Intergroup local sites have that information. You can find meetings around the world, which can be very useful when traveling.Chemical Dependent Anonymous:  Find a CD meeting by searching by state. They are a 12-step program supporting abstinence from all mood-changing and mind-altering chemicals, including street-type drugs, alcohol and unnecessary medication.Cocaine Anonymous: 12-step program for cocaine, alcohol, and other mind-altering substances.Crystal Meth Anonymous:  Search for CMA meetings by  zip  code and distance. They are a 12-step program.Dual Recovery Anonymous:  12-step program for those who have a psychiatric disorder and a substance abuse problem.Life Ring Secular Recovery:  Search for a Life Ring meeting for drug or alcohol recovery by location or join an online meeting. The Life Ring phi losophy differs from the 12-step programs in that it does not require you to rely on a higher power but believes in supporting your ability to strengthen your sober self and weaken your addict self.Marijuana Anonymous:  Search a list of in-person and online meetings by location. They have apps for iOS, Android, and Windows that can be used to search for meetings. It is a 12-step program.Moderation Management:  See a list and map of meetings around the world or join in telephone meetings. Moderation Management supports responsible drinking rather than a philosophy of total abstinence.Narcotics Anonymous:  Search the  meeting database by location. You can also download an  NA Meeting Search app for iOS or Android.Pills Anonymous:  Meetings list for PA around the world. They are a 12-step program.SMART Recovery:  Search the SMART recovery meeting database by country or state. SMART is not a 12-step program, but a self-help addiction recovery program for  substance abuse and alcohol abu se. Common Misconceptions at the First 12-Step Meeting Sex Addiction, Disordered Relationships, and Abuse Love Addicts Anonymous:  12-step program for those who have distorted thoughts, feelings, and behavior when it comes to love, fantasies, and relationships.Sexaholics Anonymous: 12-step program for those who want to stop lusting and become sexually sober.Sex Love Addicts Anonymous:  Find a meeting by searching by state or province. They are a 12-step program for those with an addictive compulsion to engage in or avoid sex, love, or emotional attachment.Sexual Compulsives Anonymous: A list of International SCA meetings in-person and online. They are a 12-step program.Sexual Recovery Anonymous:  12-step group for those who  desire  to stop compulsive sexual behavior.Survivors of Incest Anonymous: 12-step program for those who are over age 18 who were sexually abused as a child. Food and Nicotine Problem Behavior Food Addicts in Recovery Anonymous:  12-step program for those who have had an eating problem, including overeating or bulimia.GreySheeters Anonymous:  12-step program for compulsive overeating.Overeaters Anonymous: 12-step program for overeating, undereating, anorexia, bulimia, and other problem eating behaviors. Emotional and Mental Health Recovery Depressed Anonymous: 12-step program for those recovering from depression.  Social Anxiety Anonymous/Social Phobics Anonymous: 12-step program for those with social anxiety disorder, shyness,  avoidant personality disorder, and  paruresis  (fear of using public restrooms). Financial and Acquisition Problem Behavior Debtors Anonymous:  12-step program for compulsive debtors.Gamblers Anonymous: A  group to support recovery from problem gambling and are guided by 12-step principles.Spenders Anonymous:  12-step program for those who want to recover from compulsive spending and taking on debt.Workaholics Anonymous:  WA meetings include  phone meetings, online meetings, or in-person meetings in the United States or Internationally. They are a 12-step program for those who are compulsive about work. For Families and Codependents These meetings are for those who have relatives and friends with addictions and problem behaviors. In addition to these groups, there are often links to family recovery groups for specific addictions or behaviors on the sites for the programs dedicated to them. Adult Children of Alcoholics:  Find an ACA meeting by location search. They also have online meetings and phone meetings.Alanon and Alateen:  Search for an Al-Anon Family Group meeting by location in the United States and Canada. You can also use their site to find  online  meetings, international meetings, or phone meetings.Codependents  Anonymous:  12-step program for recovery from unhealthy relationships.Families Anonymous:  Get a PDF file of FA meetings by state. This is a 12-step program for those who have a family member with an addiction or problem behavior.Nar-Anon: 12-step group for friends and families of people with substance use disorders.Recovering Couples Anonymous:  12-step group for couples who want to restore and maintain their relationship in recovery. Why Caregivers Need Support Groups A Word From Verywell Remember that support groups are what you make of them. If you are willing to be open and honest and a good listener who supports fellow members, you will get a lot out of your group, including hope and motivation for a healthier you.

Essay On Mental Health - 1545 Words

Exposure to DVA was high, with a mean CAS score of 56 (SD 34). The mean CORE-OM score was 18 (SD 8) with 76% above the clinical threshold (95% confidence interval: 70–81%). Depression and anxiety levels were high, with means close to clinical thresholds, and more than three-quarters of respondents recorded PTSD scores above the clinical threshold. Symptoms of mental illness increased stepwise with increasing severity of DVA. Women DVA survivors who seek support from DVA services have recently experienced high levels of abuse, depression, anxiety, and especially PTSD. Clinicians need to be aware that patients presenting with mental health conditions or symptoms of depression or anxiety may be experiencing or have experienced DVA. The high†¦show more content†¦The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in women with HIV and women at risk for HIV infection and (2) examine the association between a his tory of childhood sexual abuse and HIV-related high-risk behaviors (Cohen, et al., 2000). Women involved with domestic abuse while young tend to contract the HIV disease when they are older because they consume their self in alcohol and drugs. Also, not using protection is a way to feel a void of being wanted because they have been hurt and abused by one or multiple people in their lives. The prevalence of self-reported abuse in this population was 39.5%. White women were significantly more likely to report any history of abuse than nonwhite women. Relationship issues were the only reason for pregnancy termination given more often by women with an abuse history than by non-abused women. Women with abuse histories were significantly less likely than non-abused women to inform the partner of the pregnancy or to have partner support for or involvement in the abortion decision. The prevalence of abuse reported by women in this population suggests that many women seeking abortion services may have abuse histories. Abused women may have different reasons for pregnancy termination than non-abused women and may be more likely to make the abortion decision without partner involvement. When routine screening for abuseShow MoreRelatedMental Health Essay768 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Mental health is just as important as physical health. Your ability to care for yourself, attend school and work, develop friendships, and care for your family all depend on good mental health. Some signs of poor mental health include: Problems focusing, sleeping, or eating. Anger. Irritability. Anxiety. Difficulty with relationships or discomfort in social settings. 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Analysis Of Delacour s Delacour - 1078 Words

In addition to fashionable reading, Delacour also shows a habit of reading Methodistical religious texts in her times of mental fervor. After Dr. X finds out about the books, he is â€Å"convinced that superstitious horrors hung upon his patient’s spirits, and affected her health† (Edgeworth 316). Dr. X’s ideas are born from the fact that at the time Methodistical text were â€Å"operating outside rational discourse and sociable domestic space.† They were seen to make one â€Å"vulnerable to manipulation† and cause â€Å"wrong interpretations† of daily happenings (MacFayden 436). Once again the things that Delacour reads feed into her mental state. The values that she is receiving from these texts are outside of the values that society says are acceptable to†¦show more content†¦The sickly nature of Delacour’s children points out that there could be something wrong with Delacour herself. By being connected to her, both childr en have died. The sickness the Delacour herself experiences both physically and mentally could have easily passed to her children. Their deaths not only show a connection to a sickly family line, but they also put a stress on Delacour’s mind. Even if Delacour’s health is not the reason for their deaths, there is still the possibility. Delacour is aware that she could be at fault and the guilt continues to eat away at her, heightening her emotions and clouding her mental space and judgment. Her children may not suffer from madness, but they still could cause her madness nonetheless. Not only does Lady Delacour exhibit all three of Pargeter’s proposed causes of female madness, but she also exhibits what Prageter labels as the primary symptom of madness, namely delirium. Delirium is said to occur when â€Å"the body could not distinguish the impressions of real objects from those of imagination† (Thame 276). On the night before her impending surgery, Delacour tells Belinda that figures have been appearing to her. Delacour explains, â€Å"The forms that flit before my eyes when I am between sleeping and waking,†¦I am willing to believe are the effects of opium, but, Belinda, it is impossible I should be convinced that my senses have deceived me with respect to what I have beheld when I have been as broad awake, and in perfect

Flyrock Tires Free Essays

Six Sigma Quality at Flyrock Tires Executive Summary The process of creating tires at Flyrock Tires involves 20 different steps to take the rubber from bales to final curing. Given this complexity and the high production volume (the factory produces about 10,000 tires per hour), it takes only a small margin of error in each of these steps to begin to compound and result in a high defective rate. For both public safety and their reputation, Flyrock strives to minimize the number of defects. We will write a custom essay sample on Flyrock Tires or any similar topic only for you Order Now The answers to the questions asked by this case form a good base for evaluating the production and extrusion process at Flyrock. The company begins by setting expectations for what defect rates should be under ideal conditions as well as setting expectations for defect rates when machinery has become worn out. This allows them to detect things like worn bearings in machinery. The case also begins the framework for evaluating the process from a six-sigma perspective and how this might help control defects. Under ideal conditions, the extruder should produce tires that meet specifications 98. 67% of the time, meaning only 1. 33% of tires are defective. When the bearing is worn out, the defect rate increases three-fold to 4. 7%. This means that more than one in twenty-five tire sheets is defective. If testing samples of ten sheets per hour, the machine operators could expect to find a defective every two and a half hours. In testing whether the extrusion process is in control or not, the three sigma control limits recommended by Susan Douglas will narrow the bandwidth of acceptable tires from 400  ± 10 thou to 400  ± 3. 795 thou. By implementing a stricter six-sigma system and decreasing the standard deviation, the likelihood of producing tires within acceptable levels of thickness increases to 100%. This becomes a near-perfect process. With this information, Susan Douglas should now take appropriate steps to count the actual number of defects that occur from the extrusion process. Having that will allow her to analyze if the process is actually in control, using various control charts. Using that, she will be able to adjust the process as needed to reduce the number of defective tires, improve quality and efficiency, and ultimately reduce costs for Flyrock. Question 1 The mean, confidence intervals, and standard deviation are provided to us. Mean ( µ) = 400 thou Confidence interval =  ± 10 thou Standard deviation (? ) = 4 thou This question is a simple normal probability distribution problem. It can be restated as: What is the probability that rubber sent through the extruder will be between 390 thou and 410 thou in thickness? P(390 ? x ? 410) We first need to find the z value for each boundary then find the corresponding probability in the normal distribution table: z = (x –  µ)/? z = (390-400)/4 = -2. 5 z(-2. 5) = . 0062 z = (410-400)/4 = 2. 5 z(2. 5) = . 9938 P(-2. 5 ? z ? 2. 5) = . 9938 – . 0062 = . 9867 Therefore, there is a 98. 7% probability that the rubber will be extruded with the specifications. Question 2 To find the upper and lower control limits, the following formulas apply: Upper Control Limit (UCL) =  µ + z? Lower Control Limit (LCL) =  µ – z? where ? = ? /n  µ = 400 ? = 4 n = 10 z = 3 ? = 4/10 = 1. 265 UCL = 400 + 3(1. 265) = 403. 795 LCL = 400 – 3(1. 265) = 396. 205 Question 3 If a be aring is worn out, the extruder produces a mean thickness of 403 thou even though the setting is at 400. This means that  µ has shifted to 403 and the confidence level will be lower than the 98. 7% we calculated when the bearings are not worn out. We can restate the question for number 1 to ask: What is the probability that rubber sent through the extruder will be outside 390 thou and 410 thou in thickness when the mean thickness has shifted to 403 thou? Again, we need to find the z value for each boundary then find the corresponding probability in the normal distribution table: z = (x –  µ)/? z = (390-403)/4 = -3. 25 z(1. 75) = 0. 9599 z = (410-403)/4 = 1. 75 z(-3. 25) = 0. 0006 P(-3. 25z1. 75) = 0. 9599 – 0. 0006 = 0. 9593 Therefore, there is a 95. 93% probability that the rubber will be extruded with the specifications. However to find the proportion of defective sheets we must take 1-. 9593 which gives us a defective rate of 4. 07%. Assuming the three sigma control limits of 403. 795 and 396. 205, we can calculate the probability that a sample is out of control by first calculating the percentage of in control samples. z = (x –  µ)/? z = (393. 205-403)/1. 265 = -2. 5 z(-5. 37) = 0. 0000 z = (403. 795-403)/ 1. 265= 2. 5 z(. 628) = 0. 7357 P in control (0z. 7357) = 0. 7357 P Out of control = 1-. 7357 = . 2643 = 26. 43% Using the proportion of defective units we can calculate the average time it will take to discover a worn bearing. 1/. 2643 = 3. 77 hours. On average it will take an operator about 4 hours to detect that the process is out of control. Question 4 Assuming our mean is still 400, but a new standard deviation of 1. 667 based on a six-sigma process, we find the proportion of the rubber extruded that is within our specifications by calculating the probability that rubber sent through the extruder will be outside our limits: = (x –  µ)/? P(x410) = P(z410-400/1. 667) = P(z 6. 0) = 1 — based on our normal tables P(x390) = P(z390-400/1. 667) = P(z -6. 0) = 0 — based on our normal tables To then find the probability of our extruded rubber being within specifications, we subtract P(-6. 0z6. 0) = 1 – 0 = 1, meaning that 100%  of the rubber extruded is within our specifications. Question 5 Similar to question #2, to f ind the upper and lower control limits, the following formulas apply: Upper Control Limit (UCL) =  µ + z? Lower Control Limit (LCL) =  µ – z? where ? = ? /n  µ = 400 ? = 1. 667 z = 3 ? = 1. 667/10 = . 527 UCL = 400 + 3(. 527) = 401. 581 LCL = 400 – 3(. 527) = 398. 419 While these new control limits are very similar, they do narrow our range which should lead to less defects. Question 6 Assuming that we return to the case of the worn bearing in question 3 where extrusion produces a mean thickness of 403 thou even though the setting is 400 thou. , we find that the proportion of defective sheets under a six-sigma process equals 0%. P(x410) = P(z410-403/1. 67) = P(z4. 199) = 1 P(x390) = P(z390-403/1. 667) = P(z-7. 8) = 0 P(-7. 8z4. 2) = 1 – 0 = 1 Proportion of defective sheets =  Ã‚  0% Looking at the control limits in question 5 we can find the probability that a sample taken from the extruder with the worn bearings will be out of control: We begin by finding the probability of the samples being â€Å"in control†: P(In Control) = P(396. 837x403. 163) P((398 . 419-403)/0. 527x(401. 581-403)/0. 527), which equals P(-8. 69z-2. 69) = 0. 0036 We can then subtract by one to find the probability of being out of control: P(Out of Control) = 1 – 0. 0036 = 0. 9964 This tells us that based on the control limits from question #5, the probability of a defect under a six-sigma process with worn bearings is 99. 64%. Assuming that the six-sigma process produces no defects, the likelihood of the sampling each hour finding a defect is 0%. If we assume our control limits discussed previously with a worn bearing and a defect probability of 99. 64%, we would find a defect in the first hour based on a sample size of 10. How to cite Flyrock Tires, Essay examples

Wedding planer swot analysis free essay sample

SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses which are internal factors of a company, and Opportunities, and Threats which are external factors, is a critical exercise for any business. For a wedding planner, this approach can help analyze current operations, identify areas of opportunity and compete effectively against other local wedding planners. A SWOT analysis helps to organize advertising objectives and tactics to build a strategy that has a high level of impact. Each year thousands of men and women get married. When getting married, couples basically have two main planning options. They can either plan their own wedding or they can hire a professional wedding planner. Our company plan elegant, stylish, glamorous and fun celebrations for sophisticated couples who want first class service and a world-class event. Our company is based in Paris, the most romantic city in the world. Lets talk now about Strengths: A wedding planner must first identify the strengths of the business before being able to translate these advantages into business growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Wedding planer swot analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These strengths could be years of experience in the wedding industry, a background in interior design that translates into wedding decor set-up, or even a vast network of vendors for clients can choose from. By discerning what comparative advantage your business has in the marketplace, you can begin to develop a strategy that highlights these strengths and conveys them to your target market. ? Value added wedding planner services is more popular than ever. There are plenty of wedding planners that provide down-market services, so by providing high-end services, we can create a competitive advantage in this marketplace. ? Having high quality staff members will allow us to focus our efforts on more important and complex tasks so we have to provide an efficient training for each employee by clearly defining their roles and our expectations. But we keep interfacing with our clients to make sure expectations are exceeded in order to make clients feeling surrounded by people who really care for them. ? Being based in Paris, allows having an internationally visibility and credibility, we can create good connections to work with us in the future. What’s more as Paris is the city of love , we have everytime more and more foreign clients who have decided to celebrate their love here. ? Having a website is the fastest way to build our business. By uploading pictures or even videos of marriages we aim at making them wanting to have their marriage organized by us. We also have created an online guestbook where our clients can leave comments on everything and so it can be used to win over potential clients ? We have to satisfy all of our clients because word of mouth can either build a good reputation or either gives a bad image of our brand. Now about Weaknesses Every business has weaknesses. By identifying them before your clients do, you can work on minimizing their impact. For a wedding planner, you may determine that you have a smaller staff than other wedding planning companies, or you may have a higher price point. These are not necessarily things you need to change in your business model, but being aware of them can help you to craft advertising materials that downplay these potential weaknesses. For example, you could spin small staff into personal attention, which gives the possible weakness a positive connotation for the consumer. ? Do not have established reputation in the wedding planning business. ? We have to face day after day the launch of new businesses in this market; we have to face a tough competition with a large network who can easily sell wedding planner services to their existing network. ? Given that we provide high-end wedding planner services, couples with tight budgets cannot call on our services too expensive for them. So we lose clients who are getting married. Opportunities Identify areas that your wedding planning business can grow, or the opportunities in the marketplace. For example, if outdoor weddings are becoming more popular in your area, and you have vast experience in planning these events, an array of outdoor wedding venues you work with, or numerous wedding props suitable for an outdoor event, this could be an opportunity for your business to grow. By identifying an opportunity in the marketplace, you can exploit that opening by gearing your messages towards that target market. ? We can create strategic relationships hotel sales managers, catering managers, and banquet facility managers. Thanks to these strategic relationships we will sustain long term growth. ? We can generate positive cash flow after the first several weddings. ? For a better yield, we can outsource wedding planner services to trusted partners. ? The price for someone who wants to start up a wedding planner business is about ten thousand euros, so is not very expensive to start this type of business. ? As a consultant, we do not need to purchase a great deal of inventory or have items in stock to show potential clients. ? With the approval of same-sex marriage in France since May 2013, there is a fast-growing marketplace that we have to conquer. Threats Threats differ from weaknesses in that a weakness is generally internal and a threat is external. For example, if there is proprietary wedding planning software that your competition has developed that could help them take away some of your potential clients, that could be viewed as a threat. A do-it-yourself wedding magazine, or a website that helps consumers and potential clients plan their wedding themselves, can also be viewed as a threat to your business. Any outside force that could potentially minimize your flow of business is considered a threat in your SWOT analysis and must be identified. Awareness of potential threats can help you to plan for them in your strategy and marketing tactics. ? We do not have to pay inventory unless our client is paying for it, in this way, we do not waste our money and time. ? If competitors undercut our prices, if the competition provides the same service at cheaper prices than us, we will lose a large number of clients. Conclusion: So now as a conclusion we could say that the most important thing is a good network that could help us having every time more influence and so our partners’ reputation could benefit to our brand image and attract clients. One other point that basically could tip the scale is prices even if our prices are kind of pricey/expensive the key is having exclusive features that distinguish our company from others and making us more competitive than ever, that was for the external part. Now for the internal part the key to success are our staff motivation and our organization that would make up for every problem that could occur and help us to run our business efficiently. What’s more as our staff is directly dealing with clients we have to be sure that they are our company reflection and that they are not harming our brand image. SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses which are internal factors of a company, and Opportunities, and Threats which are external factors, is a critical exercise for any business. For a wedding planner, this approach can help analyze current operations, identify areas of opportunity and compete effectively against other local wedding planners. A SWOT analysis helps to organize advertising objectives and tactics to build a strategy that has a high level of impact. Each year thousands of men and women get married. When getting married, couples basically have two main planning options. They can either plan their own wedding or they can hire a professional wedding planner. Our company plan elegant, stylish, glamorous and fun celebrations for sophisticated couples who want first class service and a world-class event. Our company is based in Paris, the most romantic city in the world. Lets talk now about Strengths: A wedding planner must first identify the strengths of the business before being able to translate these advantages into business growth. These strengths could be years of experience in the wedding industry, a background in interior design that translates into wedding decor set-up, or even a vast network of vendors for clients can choose from. By discerning what comparative advantage your business has in the marketplace, you can begin to develop a strategy that highlights these strengths and conveys them to your target market. ? Value added wedding planner services is more popular than ever. There are plenty of wedding planners that provide down-market services, so by providing high-end services, we can create a competitive advantage in this marketplace. ? Having high quality staff members will allow us to focus our efforts on more important and complex tasks so we have to provide an efficient training for each employee by clearly defining their roles and our expectations. But we keep interfacing with our clients to make sure expectations are exceeded in order to make clients feeling surrounded by people who really care for them. ? Being based in Paris, allows having an internationally visibility and credibility, we can create good connections to work with us in the future. What’s more as Paris is the city of love , we have everytime more and more foreign clients who have decided to celebrate their love here. ? Having a website is the fastest way to build our business. By uploading pictures or even videos of marriages we aim at making them wanting to have their marriage organized by us. We also have created an online guestbook where our clients can leave comments on everything and so it can be used to win over potential clients ? We have to satisfy all of our clients because word of mouth can either build a good reputation or either gives a bad image of our brand. Now about Weaknesses Every business has weaknesses. By identifying them before your clients do, you can work on minimizing their impact. For a wedding planner, you may determine that you have a smaller staff than other wedding planning companies, or you may have a higher price point. These are not necessarily things you need to change in your business model, but being aware of them can help you to craft advertising materials that downplay these potential weaknesses. For example, you could spin small staff into personal attention, which gives the possible weakness a positive connotation for the consumer. ? Do not have established reputation in the wedding planning business. ? We have to face day after day the launch of new businesses in this market; we have to face a tough competition with a large network who can easily sell wedding planner services to their existing network. ? Given that we provide high-end wedding planner services, couples with tight budgets cannot call on our services too expensive for them. So we lose clients who are getting married. Opportunities Identify areas that your wedding planning business can grow, or the opportunities in the marketplace. For example, if outdoor weddings are becoming more popular in your area, and you have vast experience in planning these events, an array of outdoor wedding venues you work with, or numerous wedding props suitable for an outdoor event, this could be an opportunity for your business to grow. By identifying an opportunity in the marketplace, you can exploit that opening by gearing your messages towards that target market. ? We can create strategic relationships hotel sales managers, catering managers, and banquet facility managers. Thanks to these strategic relationships we will sustain long term growth. ? We can generate positive cash flow after the first several weddings. ? For a better yield, we can outsource wedding planner services to trusted partners. ? The price for someone who wants to start up a wedding planner business is about ten thousand euros, so is not very expensive to start this type of business. ? As a consultant, we do not need to purchase a great deal of inventory or have items in stock to show potential clients. ? With the approval of same-sex marriage in France since May 2013, there is a fast-growing marketplace that we have to conquer. Threats Threats differ from weaknesses in that a weakness is generally internal and a threat is external. For example, if there is proprietary wedding planning software that your competition has developed that could help them take away some of your potential clients, that could be viewed as a threat. A do-it-yourself wedding magazine, or a website that helps consumers and potential clients plan their wedding themselves, can also be viewed as a threat to your business. Any outside force that could potentially minimize your flow of business is considered a threat in your SWOT analysis and must be identified. Awareness of potential threats can help you to plan for them in your strategy and marketing tactics. ? We do not have to pay inventory unless our client is paying for it, in this way, we do not waste our money and time. ? If competitors undercut our prices, if the competition provides the same service at cheaper prices than us, we will lose a large number of clients. Conclusion: So now as a conclusion we could say that the most important thing is a good network that could help us having every time more influence and so our partners’ reputation could benefit to our brand image and attract clients. One other point that basically could tip the scale is prices even if our prices are kind of pricey/expensive the key is having exclusive features that distinguish our company from others and making us more competitive than ever, that was for the external part. Now for the internal part the key to success are our staff motivation and our organization that would make up for every problem that could occur and help us to run our business efficiently. What’s more as our staff is directly dealing with clients we have to be sure that they are our company reflection and that they are not harming our brand image.

Demings 14 Points Theory Explained

Demings 14 Points Theory Explained Read about 14 points of Total Quality Management concept a kind of guideline on management. Deming’s 14 Points Deming’s 14 Points are a set of guidelines for management presented in the Out of the Crisis, written by statistician W. Edward Deming in 1982. Deming is credited with inventing the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) through the ideas presented in the book, although he did not invent the term â€Å"total quality management.† The central concept behind Deming’s management philosophy is that variation is the biggest obstacle to productivity; by following the 14 points, he reasoned, organizations could develop their own ways to reduce variation  and improve performance and competitiveness. Deming developed his ideas while working in Japan beginning shortly after the end of World War II. His work originally had nothing to do with business, but rather to apply his skill as a statistician to helping to conduct a census of the Japanese population. During the 1950s, Deming began teaching Japanese engineers â€Å"statistical process control,† a methodology that allowed for better quality control in production without applying new processes or equipment; the idea was enormously appealing to Japanese industry, particularly in the capital-lean years following the war, and for Deming’s contribution to resurrecting Japanese manufacturing, he received the rare honor of being awarded a medal by Emperor Hirohito in 1960. On a side note, that means that Japan’s position as a powerhouse in some industries, particularly automobiles and electronics, owes much of its success to an American statistician who had some free time on his hands while on an unrelated assignment. Pay attention in your math courses, kids; it might just make you a business god someday. Read also:  Five Components of Service Management  | Difference between  Leadership and Management Demings 14 Points explained Point 1: Create constancy of purpose to achieve quality. This is a suggestion to focus on long-term planning rather than a  short-term response to changing circumstances  and to align periodic planning with the organization’s overall mission and vision. Point 2: Adopt the quality way of thinking. The implication is that the implementation of the new, quality-oriented philosophy should be sincere; rather than simply imposing it on the workforce, management has to begin the transformation by changing its way of thinking first. Point 3: Stop depending on inspection to achieve quality. A basic premise of TQM is that quality control is integrated into production processes, therefore, dedicated quality control procedures, which are out of the normal process flow, are unnecessary and work against increasing efficiency. Point 4: End the practice of awarding business to suppliers on price alone instead minimize cost by working closely with only one or two vendors. The main idea here is to minimize variations in the quality and specifications of supplies and raw materials. Deming’s contention is that there is a greater net cost benefit to establishing long-term relationships in a supply chain rather than chasing lower prices. Point 5: Constantly improve every process involved in planning, production, and service. This, of course, is the fundamental idea behind TQM: continuous improvement as part of everyday practice. Point 6: Institute on-the-job training for all employees. This idea goes hand-in-hand with Point 5; if constant improvement is practiced in every other aspect of the business, it must be applied to the workforce as well. Point 7: Adopt and institute leadership. Leadership, as opposed to mere â€Å"management† or â€Å"supervision.† This idea is sometimes confusing  because Deming does not define the difference very clearly in his own work, although numerous others have tackled the question, with varying degrees of success. Point 8: Drive out fear from the work environment. Punitive management, that is, where the primary check on performance is to punish performance that is not up to the expected standards, is counterproductive because it discourages workers from working for the organization’s best interests. In other words, they are performing at the minimum level necessary to â€Å"stay out of trouble†, rather than trying to excel. Point 9: Break down barriers between the workers and the management. This point, as Deming discusses it, is not so much a statement on the form of organization but a prescription for another basic idea in TQM, that different parts of the organization have a supplier-customer relationship with one another. Point 10: Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets. In TQM, the presumption is that the likely source of variation and error is the process, rather than the people. Deming views slogans – the sort of thing one might see on those ubiquitous motivational posters – as useless at best, if the process that they are directed towards is not improved. Point 11: Eliminate quantity-quotas and targets for the workforce and management. This is related to Point 8; continuous improvement is not possible if some â€Å"endpoint† is established. The focus of the work will shift from seeking continuously improving quality and productivity to meeting a quantitative goal. Point 12: Remove barriers that rob people of their pride in workmanship, and eliminate the annual rating or merit system. This particular point is a bit difficult to interpret; Deming’s view is that merit-based performance rating is demotivating, and he ties it in with his general distaste for targets, quotas, and the â€Å"carrot-and-stick† approach to performance management. On the other hand, if taken to extremes this point could suggest that performance is not important, which would be an idea most managers would take exception to. Point 13: Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement for everyone. This point is simply an extension of the ideas in Points 5 and 6; â€Å"continuous improvement† must be applied to the people as well as processes. Point 14: Put everyone in the organization to work to accomplish the transformation. This point is related to Point 7; any organizational transformation must include everyone and not simply be imposed on the organization. The most common criticism of Deming’s 14 Points is that they do not provide any tools to carry out these ideas, and in many ways suggest that tools for measuring and management performance are counterproductive.  Deming himself provided little guidance to deflect this criticism; his position was that these were broad objectives  and that it was up to management to develop the means to reach them, according to their own organization’s unique circumstances. If you need a similar essay feel free to  ask our writers for help and place an order.

Expressing Quantity in French - Zero, None - Pas De

Expressing Quantity in French - Zero, None - Pas De Theres a lot to keep in mind when expressing quantities in French. We have  studied  how to express unspecific quantities, du, de la, de l, des, then how to express specific quantities, numbers and expressions of quantity, so now for the last part: when there is nothing, zero, zip, not any! 1 - The Quantity Is None Aha! I bet you didnt think about that one! Well, zero is also a quantity. Which means when you say I dont have money (join the club), you are using a quantity. You could be saying I dont have any money, but the any is often left out in everyday speech.   So, if you wanted to actually say zero, well thats easy, its a number: - jai zà ©ro chat (I have zero cat). But where it gets complicated is when you use a negative. I dont have (any) cat.   In French, wed say something like I dont have none of cat. Please, dont think of it this way, because youd never say that in English, so translating doesnt work. I am just saying it to explain, but its more logical to think of it as pas being a quantity, therefore followed by de/d in French. Je nai pas de chat. (I dont have any cat)Je nai pas de fille. (I dont have a daughter)Je nai pas de lait. (I dont have milk)Je nai pas denfants (I dont have children) And of course, there is a main exception. This rule doesnt apply when your verb is à ªtre (to be). So with à ªtre in the negative, you say the same thing as in the affirmative. Je suis une fille. Je ne suis pas une fille. (I am a girl. I am not a girl). 2 - Adjectives of Quantity Are Not Followed by De/d Aucun/e/s and plusieur/s are adjectives. They dont need an article. Jai plusieurs chats - I have several cats.Je nai aucun ami - I have no friend, I dont have a single friend, I dont have any friend.. 3 - To Recap Some things are easy to quantify: one apple. It’s a whole apple. You usually buy, eat, need one, 2, 3 apples.  But you may decide to be vague, and say â€Å"des pommes† more than one, but I don’t know exactly how many. Now, some things are less easily quantifiable†¦ You don’t buy â€Å"one rice†. You buy either â€Å"one kilo of rice† (a kilo of, an expression of quantity), or â€Å"some rice† (unspecific quantity of an item which is not easily quantifiable). So you need to ask yourself: Am I talking about... A very specific  quantity (a number, or an expression of quantity : une pomme, 5 pommes, un kilo de pommes, une bouteille deau†¦).An unspecified quantity of an item (du vin), or an unspecified quantity of something that you cannot quantify easily (du riz, de la patience)More than one of an item, but a vague plural quantity (des pommes)No item at all (pas de pomme) This is a lot to take in. Read these  lessons over a couple of times and even read it out-loud so you really take the time to understand and process everything.

The feminization of love, How men and women are portrayed by society Research Paper

The feminization of love, How men and women are portrayed by society and the media - Research Paper Example On the other hand, love is a multi-faced movement, which varies based on situations, as well as one’s individual motives. There are many types of love, possibly as numerous as do several persons, who are loved and are in love. It entails a wide diversity of feelings characterized by some set behaviors (Robert 88). These components range from the one we feel for our parents, acquaintances, siblings, and kids to the ones we are feel for our wives or husbands. Currently love is connected to sexual relationships, a boy girl relationship may be termed as love, but, in most circumstances, it is infatuation or lust. However, what we are thinking, as love in the society is determined by women, and not by men (Gelsthorpe 53). Society in the past, viewed men and women from different perspectives. Their roles were well defined by the norms and taboos of a given society. Crisscrossing of duties was prohibited, and penalties were put in place to handle any uncouth behavior. However, changes occur every day with respect to the roles men and women play. In fact, today, their roles are reversed. This has seen the society change drastically within a short duration of time. With the transition of society, men and women continue to modify their lifestyles and way of living. In the field of administration, women are now heading countries, big organizations and small ones at the grass root level. Academically, women are now studying technical courses, which were only left for men. Women have now moved from kitchen and bedroom materials to the head of the families. Their duties and responsibilities have changed from caretakers to economically productive people in the society. Gender equity has now chipped in, and with the company of love, men can now share duties with their partners. Mode of life has further changed considerably. To some extra ordinary scenario, it has proved to be slightly complicated to allow women to participate actively. This is not due to discrimination, but the view of the society in some circumstances, women are viewed as vulnerable. For instance, a war situation. In the negative side, the society terms women as the weaker sex because occasionally, they feel annoyed if the other partner shows love with masculine behavior. They claim that it is invisible to them (Mark 36). How society view men and women culturally vary from place to place, ideas of appropriate behavior based on gender are varying among cultures along with the era. Although some aspects receive extra widespread attention than some others, Masculinities and Feminism claims that there are traditions where it has not been a taboo for men to contain homosexual relations, while there are others, who term as a vi ce, based on cultural beliefs and customs. In the 'Western' account age, when the modern caucus stated that men showed suppressed feelings of not relating, men were emotional about their feelings for their friends. â€Å"Companionship in the outback of Australian previous century is a situation in point" (Hutter 35). Further aspects, though, may differ noticeably with time plus place. In the then times, women were normally associated with roles correlated to medicine and even healing duties. As a result of the coming up of witch-hunts over Europe together with medicine institutionalization, these responsibilities finally ended up under the domination of men. Women turned to have no voice on whatever happened. In the last recent few decades, though, these responsibilities have become for the most part gender-neutral in Western civilization (Mark 178). The element of conference or traditions seems to play a leading role

Zinc finger proteins Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Zinc finger proteins - Research Paper Example folding characteristics but the most abundant and well studied is the classical â€Å"Cys2–His2† (Laity, Lee, and Wright 39) The nature of ZFP is such that they conveniently act as building blocks for many molecules and often occur in clusters. As such, their molecular nature permits them to be easily shuffled, duplicated or even altered through evolution. In the contemporary biotechnology world, they fit perfectly into re-engineering purposes and technology for numerous binding properties that find important use in research (Chang, Jiao, et al. 1426). ZFP and its high affinity for binding DNA is involved in binding of repressors and transcription activators which are very important in regulating expression of genes in a cell. These ZPF have varied protein folds that dictate DNA binding of specific sequences like the helix-helix-turn which arouses the need to use them in therapy or research. ZFP have structural independence that are conserved and interconnected by linkers (Guo, Gaj and Barbas 96). These linkers are HC and named so because the first and last units are hystidine and cysteine residues. The hallmark radius and pitch of ZFP is gotten from H-C residues perfect interaction leading to right handed helix formation. Zif268 which is a transcript factor contains triple finger domains where the ÃŽ ±-helix interacts with the major groove of DNA (Mandel-Gutfreund, Baron and Margalit 141).Three consecutive DNA bases interact with all the three fingers through hydrogen bonds. Specificity of the interaction is derived from the inte raction of the second positioned amino acid residue on the ÃŽ ±-helix with the triplet of the secondary strand. In the end, the conserved residues undergo tertiary folding while each domain’s specificity is brought by the variable domains (Sumedha, Roy et al. 484). Control and regulation of gene expression has been shown to be an important aspect of ZFP through using specific selected three ZF peptides. This was initially undertaken in

Utopian Society in Shakespeares The Tempest :: essays research papers

The study of Shakespeare’s The Tempest raises many questions as to its interpretation. Many believe that this play shows Shakespeare’s views on the colonization of the new world whereas others believe that this is a play about the ever elusive â€Å"Utopian Society†. I believe that this is a play about the European views of society and savagery at that time. I also believe that, if this is true, the play doesn’t portray a â€Å"conventional† view of native peoples. Shakespeare shows this by having Prospero, the rightful duke of Milan and Usurping ruler of the island, call Caliban, â€Å"A devil, a born devil on whose nature nurture can never stick† but then having Miranda, Prospero’s daughter, say â€Å"I pitied thee, took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour one thing or another.† Prospero is saying that Caliban is a â€Å"savage† who can not be educated, yet we hear that Miranda has taught him to speak, amongst other things. This gives a conflicting view over the character of Caliban. Is he an â€Å"uncivilised savage† or is he a â€Å"normal† human being? The treatment of Caliban could be seen as a representation of the colonisation of the new world, (The Americas) and the treatment of the native Americans. However, the critic Meradith Anne Skura believes the opposite, â€Å"We have no external evidence that seventeenth century audiences thought the play referred to the new world.† This interpretation of the play places more emphasis upon the character of the spirit Ariel, who could also be considered as a native of the island. Prospero frees Ariel from a tree and then enslaves the spirit to do his bidding under the promise of total freedom. Caliban’s main speech (1.2.331-344) reveals the nature of his enslavement and treatment, â€Å"Here you sty me in this hard rock, whiles you do keep me from the rest o’th’island.† Though it is not clear, it seems to me as though Prospero has imprisoned Caliban in a cave and is keeping him from the rest of the island. The reason for this treatment is much clearer , as Prospero tells us, â€Å"I have used thee, filth as thou art, with human care, and lodged thee in mine own cell, till thou didst seek to violate the honour of my child.† This tells us that Caliban has tried to rape Miranda at some point and that Prospero treated Caliban much better before the attempted rape occurred.

History of computing Essay

Way back in early history, when people relied mainly on their brains to perform calculations, people used their fingers, pebbles, and tally sticks for computing purposes. Various attempts were made to build general-purpose programmable computers from the same mechanical devices used in calculators. But the problems posed by the lack of technology at the time were not satisfactorily solved until the introduction of electronic computing techniques in the mid-20th century. Between Pascal’s invention and around 1820 there were about 25 manufacturers of calculating machines; most of them were the work of one man. Few of them worked correctly and even less actually reached the manufacturing line. In the mid-19th century Charles Babbage, a visionary British mathematician at Cambridge University, designed the first computers to perform multistep operations automatically. The technologies were entirely mechanical. He called this first computing machine the Difference Engine, and it was intended to compute and print mathematical tables automatically. The Difference Engine performed only one arithmetic operation: addition. Babbage constructed a small portion of his first Difference Engine in 1832, which served as a demonstration prototype. The first widely known general-purpose electronic computer was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) that John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert built at the University of Pennsylvania. The primary motivation for the ENIAC was the need to construct ballistic tables for the U. S. Army. Work began on the ENIAC in 1943 and in 1946 it was completed. It was an enormous machine weighing about 30 tons and filling a 30 by 50 foot room. It contained 1,500 electromechanical relays and over 18,000 vacuum tubes and when it was switched on it consumed 150,000 watts of energy. Despite its enormous size it stored only the equivalent of 80 characters of information. However, it was substantially faster than any previous computer. The idea of storing programs and their data in the same high-speed memory – the stored-program concept – was first put forth by von Neumann in a publication entitled, â€Å"First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC† (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer). The IAS machine in its overall design is quite modern, and can be regarded as the prototype of most subsequent general-purpose computers. It had the general structure depicted in Figure 4. It had a CPU (Central Processing Unit) for executing instructions, a main memory for storing active programs, a secondary memory for backup storage, and miscellaneous input-output equipment. The IBM PC series was introduced in 1981 and quickly became the de facto standard for this class of machine. IBM made a smart decision by making the architecture of the PC open, meaning its design specifications were available to other manufacturers of computers and software. As a result of this decision the IBM PC became very popular and many versions of it, PC clones, were produced by others. Many other significant achievements have occurred in the PC era and continue to occur with the widespread use of the Internet and networked computers. Here are a few other notable historical achievements having to do with PC’s: o 1976 – The Cray 1 Supercomputer was the first commercially developed supercomputer. It contained 200,000 IC’s and was cooled by Freon. o 1977 – Apple II computer introduced. o 1979 – Commodore Pet released, with 1 MHz computing power, 8K RAM, cassette deck, and 9†³ monitor displaying monochrome text. o 1979 – The compact disk was invented. o 1982 – The TCP/IP network communications protocol was established and the â€Å"Internet† was formed as a connected set of networks using TCP/IP. o 1982 – Commodore 64 released, costing just i 595. o 1982 – Compaq releases their IBM PC compatible, the Compaq Portable. o 1983 – The IBM XT is released. This machine had a 10MB hard disk, 128KB of RAM, one floppy drive, a mono monitor, and a printer, all for i5000. What a bargain! o 1984 – Apple Macintosh released. o 1985 – Microsoft Windows launched, but not really widely used until version 3 in 1990. o 1987 – IBM introduced its PS/2 System which was very successful, selling over 2 million machines in less than 2 years. o 1989 – The World Wide Web (WWW) is invented by Tim Berners-Lee who saw the need for global information exchange that would allow physicists to collaborate on research. The Web was a result of the integration of hypertext and the Internet. Hyperlinked pages could not only provide information but could provide transparent access to other pages of information as well as other Internet facilities such as ftp, telnet, Gopher, WAIS, and USENET. The Web started out as a text-only interface but NCSA Mosaic, an early browser, later presented a graphical interface for it and its popularity exploded as it became accessible to the novice user. The explosion of the Web started in earnest during 1993 and in a single year Web traffic increased by 300,000%. o 1990 – Windows 3. 0 introduced by Microsoft. This graphical user interface OS offered true multi-tasking, meaning you could run multiple programs at the same time. o 1993 – The Pentium microprocessor released by Intel. It was only available at that time in 60 and 66 MHz versions. o 1995 – Windows 95 operating system released by Microsoft. o 1995 – Pentium Pro microprocessor released. o 1997 – Pentium MMX (166 and 200 MHz) released. o 1997 – Pentium II (233, 266, and 300 MHz) released. o 1998 – Windows 98 released. o 1999 – Linux, a free alternative operating system to Microsoft’s Windows, is estimated to be running on over 10 million computers worldwide.

How Racism Affects Urbanization in America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2714 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Racism in America Essay Did you like this example? The urbanization of America and the history that ties to it has been examined and theorized by many. The influences of what created such a history is up for debate. When cities began to develop in America, it appeared to be a result of the limited resources that were available in rural areas. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Racism Affects Urbanization in America" essay for you Create order People believed that if they moved from a rural area to an urban one, the potential for a better life and opportunity would be possible for their families. Migration from all areas of the world generated a wide range of characteristics in people and one of those differences, although there were many, was race. Cities were known as â€Å"Melting Pots.† These people were representing a collection of cultures, beliefs, religions, and new ways of life. Race, although disguised in many ways, was the driving force in the reshaping and overall development of Urban America. African Americans first migrated North and West right after Emancipation. Millions of them decided to move into cities in these regions, this â€Å"†¦ played a highly influential role in redefining American culture and transforming the political landscape of the century.† (357)^1 Due to the fact that African Americans and Immigrants migrated to the Americas with little to no money, there was high demand for low-income housing. With so many people flooding the cities for hopes of a better life, there was restricted space for people to live. The new urban American society developed to accommodate the large numbers of people moving in from the rural areas. This diverse population, bringing together different ethnic backgrounds and new ideas that were trying to exist as one, provided a deep necessity to make some big changes. The combinations of many cultures, languages, and religions forced the development of an urban society to accommodate the needs of all. Initially, the population in cities increased so quickly that people were losing jobs. One example would be the increase in agricultural efficiency, which caused many farmers to be unemployed. Farmers were forced to look to the city for employment. Another example would be how the immigrants came to the cities looking for employment in order to escape the poverty in their previous country, but were unaware of the challenges faced ahead when they arrived in America. These challenges consisted of malnutrition, poverty, unpleasant living conditions, and language barriers. When people migrated to America, they searched for jobs in factories because they required limited to no communication. These jobs were few and far between because of the overpopulation of immigrants during that time. When immigrants didn’t have a source of income to rely on, they turned to what they knew best. Immigrants began selling goods and cultural commodities just to make a living. Not having the opportuni ty to obtain a factory job was another example of racial discrimination. The city limited the immigrants to a small number of possible jobs. This is where people had to get creative. For example, places like Chinatown evolved because their goods only appealed to other Chinese immigrants, forcing them to reside in the same communities. Include more examples This trend seemed to carry on with others as well. The combination of millions of immigrants migrating to the city with little to no money as well as searching for work led city officials to formulate a plan for low-income housing. City planning became a top priority, which helped the development of low-income housing. Tenements were built, which were the beginnings of urbanization. Building the tenements also opened up a whole other set of challenges. Tenements were â€Å" divided into small apartments, as numerous as decency will admit.† (60)^1 These divided apartments tended to be split, and closet size rooms were not far off. These small apartments were rented to the poor. Tenants were required to pay their dues in advance in order to guarantee the lease. Families that had first priority were able to find the apartment in good condition. Due to no management and supervision of the tenements, they quickly became out of control. With numerous people living in one small area, poor sanitation, bad hygiene, grime and fi lth quickly became a problem. This lead to disease and many times even death. This called for the cities to implement sanitation laws and getting reformers to fight for the rights of the people. This sanitary movement inspired urban novelists such as Upton Sinclair and social commentators such as Jacob Riis to acknowledge the reputation of filthy cities, New York being at the top. These sanitation laws attempted to create better health conditions, a clean environment, and an escape from poverty for immigrants. These reformers recognized the racial discrimination of putting immigrants in this living state. Over the course of U.S. history, the role of race was continuously a part of the decision making process in almost every aspect of the creation of urbanization in America. People in communities were not willing to admit the significant role that our government played in the verdict of development; however, it clearly stood center stage. For several decades, city planners tramped through neighborhoods in the name of urban renewal. This was underwritten by federal funding from the 1949 Housing Act, as well as the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956. These Acts increased housing standards that, in turn, eliminated the slum areas and drastically improved living conditions. According to David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park, urban renewal was â€Å"devastating to many communities earning urban renewal the nicknames â€Å"Negro removal† and â€Å"Mexican removal.† (300)^1 African Americans had limited housing options at this time, even though they may have been willing to pay more than a white person for the same house. The real estate industry made a large effort to create all black suburbs, which ended up being highly overcrowded. The newly created suburban communities quickly turned into slum areas, which caused property values to decrease significantly. This trend continued for many years after. Realtors additionally contributed to this racial segregation by using scare tactics to guide prospective home buyers to stay clear of certain neighborhoods, all with their racial prejudices leading the fight. These are just a few examples of the many federal programs that displaced residents in the black communities. There was a huge misconception linked to segregation based on race. This misconception was that African Americans simply couldn’t afford to live in middle class neighborhoods and chose to live in areas where waste and filth was welcomed. According to Clifton Hood, communities with the highest racial and ethnic residents were located near commercial hazardous waste facilities. To be exact, â€Å"Three out of the five of the largest commercial hazardous waste landfills in the U.S. were located in predominantly Black or Hispanic communities.† (331)^1 Reader) Blacks and other minorities were placed in these undesirable living areas because of race and poverty issues. The government soon began to create large subdivisions; however, strict conditions were enforced and only Whites were allowed to purchase the homes, giving African Americans limited options. African Americans were eventually forced to live in apartments due to the fact that the values of the homes purcha sed by the Whites nearly doubled, resulting in many African Americans being forced out because they couldn’t afford the houses. Realtors used this idea to their advantage, and obviously knew that African Americans wouldn’t ever have enough money to afford them. The government once again, masked behind their racism, passed zoning ordinances that would exclude minorities. The ordinances prevented apartments from being built in suburbs that had existing single-family (white) homes, making it obvious to most that they wanted to make the suburb racially exclusive. This racial trend seemed to continue on for many years. Behind racial discrimination lies the members of the federal government. While some of the members were behind the newly implemented laws, other members were not able to openly admit their desire to keep African Americans separate from whites. If one were to look back as early as the inception of the U.S. Census in 1790, the way Blacks were categorized was based on the percentage of their blood. This was a very cruel way to view a human being, no matter their race, or ethnic background. The American government started their misconstrued conception of race based on those African American categorizations. As time passed, and leadership evolved, America somehow was able to desegregate the buses, the restaurants, the schools, as well as other things, but their biggest challenge has always been desegregating neighborhoods. Desegregating neighborhoods is essential in order for people to come together as a community. If people are segregated in the areas in which they live, the poten tial for unity is simply not there. To this day, neighborhoods are still failing to desegregate, but the main issue behind it is that people tend to stay in the areas in which they were born. People don’t have the ambition to overcome adversity. According to Sharkey, â€Å"Urban neighborhoods became battlegrounds where African Americans, who sought to live wherever they chose and have equal status under the law and equal representation in government, faced fears and violent resistance.† (14)^4 All policies that were formulated were racially explicit and were prevalent at every level of government, federal, state and local. In cities such as Chicago, African Americans were restricted to the â€Å"black belt† by law. The black belt was the area they were segregated to live in by the city officials. Being contained to one area of the city, African Americans still continued to live in places that suffered from poverty, crime, and political corruption. These neighborhoods were not created by coincidence, but were created by institutions that pressured realtors to ensure that neighborhoods would not be integrated. Having cities discriminate against people for the color of their skin, even after the Emancipation, caused outrage. No matter where minorities migrated to, they could never escape racial discrimination, whether it be from the Government, city members, or white supremacists. For example, the author who wrote Uncivil War talks about the Five New Orleans Street Battles. These battles addressed how the South ultimately was not at peace after the Civil War. Riots and fighting occurred in th e streets of New Orleans because many African Americans could not afford to leave and had to stay in the vicinity of where they had been freed. African Americans were contained to certain areas due to Jim Crow Laws and Black Codes. The riots that broke out were between white supremacists who still believed in the confederacy and ex union troops. This would determine the future of the southern society. Even after the Civil War, racial discrimination seemed to still be apparent because everyone was still divided with his or her own thoughts and ideas. The southern states wanted no part of the way the government and union was being run, and were trying to find every way around assimilating to these new ideas of racial equality and created laws known as â€Å"Black Codes.† Black codes clearly violated African Americans civil rights and were used to model how people, such as government officials and citizens, were against the ideas and were not willing to except equality. These codes had the potential to arrest African Americans who were homeless, had no job, were wondering the streets, and required them to work. This was again a prime example of how the South was racially discriminating against African Americans. They were finding ways around the Unions laws to still keep slavery alive. A culmination of Black Codes, the segregating of houses, race riots, and poverty, it was apparent that no matter what African Americans did, they clearly couldnt escape racial discrimination. Therefore, African Americans tried everything they possibly could to beat the system of inequality. Life for African Americans remained extremely difficult (mentally and physically). Due to the competitive nature of America, and the need of money to succeed in society, African Americans were willing to do whatever necessary to achieve social status and a bank account. For African Americans turned to a life of crime, doing, and selling anything they may need to support their family and achieve the â€Å"American Dream†. A social activist, Martin Luther King Jr., was responsible for a majority of the American Civil rights movement in the 1950’s. Martin Luther King Jr. fought for the rights of African Americans and even lead the Montgomery bus boycott, as well as the March on Washington. The Montgomery Bus Boycott evolved after the arrest of Rosa Parks. Parks, after a very long day of work, refused to give up her seat to a white passenger. During this time in history, African Americans were forced to sit in the back of the bus and were supposed to give up their seat for a white passenger if the seats in the front ran out. Arresting Rosa Parks is a sign of racial discrimination in the south and the people had to fight for what is right. Choosing Martin Luther King Jr. as the protest leader, the people fought for Rosa Parks and created the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The boycott lasted 381 days, which put an economic stress on the mass transit system and local businesses. Martin Luther King Jr. was a target of white supremacists during the American Civil rights movement, which later lead to his assassination. The assassination of King confirms that the fight against racial discrimination was a struggle. Whites were willing to go that extra step just so they didn’t have to adapt to a new way of life. In the south, people had the hardest time acknowledging African Americans as â€Å"free† and equal according to the law. Another example of how African Americans fought back against racial discrimination was â€Å"sit- ins†. In Greensboro, North Carolina on February 1st, 1960, four black college students sat in the â€Å"Whites Only† section at a restaurant. When asked to leave, the students refused and decided to stay as a way to protest against racial discrimination in public places. They were denied service immediately and white supremacists would surround them†¦.(need to finish with other ways people tried to fight back racial discrimination). Paragraph about Los Angelos Paragraph about Present Day. What is this American Dream that individuals are searching for? For most it is typically represented buying a home, and having a job to provide for living needs. Most Americans have their home and job as their greatest asset. It provides the means for a family and everyday life. There are really no characteristics that have not been discriminated against in our society. However, with many challenges still in place, race and opportunity, although slightly improved continues to remain unequal and sadly the gap grows. Urban history has really been simply put, moving people to solve problems but perhaps instead of looking at it so simplistically individuals should evaluate the roots to it all in racism. Why do people only try to make move when there are people of color and poor? Why do individuals restrict those with language barriers and cultural differences? How has it become normal to take privilege over time for middle class whites when it is clear as day that it still continues in our lives? Who are these city planners? Has anyone ever looked at their racial bias in their decision-making? Is it even possible after all of this progression and growth that we still in 2018 remain stuck in the racist theme of city planning. Our misconception of race masked behind our government and others has fueled the fire to many aspects of our world. City planners, the government, realtors and many others, have played a key role in creating structural barriers and ethnic issues that make racial inequalit ies in housing, jobs, and our everyday life still persistent today. In due time one can only hope our perceptions of people change all based on views of race. Bibliography [1]Steven H. Corey and Lisa Krissoff Boehm, The American Urban Reader History and Theory (Nueva York: Routledge, 2011). 71 [1]James K. Hogue, Uncivil War: Five New Orleans Street Battles and the Rise and Fall of Radical Reconstruction (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2011). 3Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985). 4PATRICK SHARKEY, UNEASY PEACE: The Great Crime Decline, the Renewal of City Life, and the next War on Violence (S.l.: W W NORTON, 2019).